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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#444">
<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#444">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="#444">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="favicon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fira+Sans|Fira+Mono">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lKuwvrZot6UHsBSfcMvOkWwlCMgc0TaWr+30HWe3a4ltaBwTZhyTEggF5tJv8tbt" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<!--
<script src="https://github.com/rkoeninger/ShenScript/releases/download/v0.14.0/shen-script.js"></script>
<script>(new Shen()).then($ => (window.$ = $, $.load('index.shen')));</script>
-->
<title>Shen Language</title>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<section>
<img id="logo" src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/Shen-Language/shen-sources/master/assets/shen_noname.svg">
<header id="logo-text">Shen</header>
</section>
<section>
<header>About</header>
<p>
Shen is a portable functional programming language by <a href="http://www.marktarver.com/">Mark Tarver</a>. It is the successor to the award-winning Qi language, with the added goal of being highly portable across platforms.
</p>
<p>
More information is available on the <a href="http://shenlanguage.org">official website</a>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="features" href="#features">Features</a></header>
<header class="small">Pattern Matching</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">define</span> filter
_ [] -> []
<span class="variable">F</span> [<span class="variable">X</span> | <span class="variable">Xs</span>] -> [<span class="variable">X</span> | (filter <span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">Xs</span>)]<span class="large-spacer"> </span><span class="small-spacer">
</span><span class="keyword">where</span> (<span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">X</span>)
<span class="variable">F</span> [_ | <span class="variable">Xs</span>] -> (filter <span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">Xs</span>))
(<span class="keyword">define</span> element?
_ [] -> false
<span class="variable">X</span> [<span class="variable">X</span> | _] -> true
<span class="variable">X</span> [_ | <span class="variable">Y</span>] -> (element? <span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">Y</span>))</code></pre>
<header class="small">Backtracking</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">define</span> walk
_ [] <- (fail)
<span class="variable">F</span> [<span class="variable">X</span> | _] -> <span class="variable">X</span> <span class="keyword">where</span> (<span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">X</span>)
<span class="variable">F</span> [_ | <span class="variable">Y</span>] -> (walk <span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">Y</span>))</code></pre>
<header class="small">Lambda Calculus Consistency</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">define</span> y-combinator
<span class="variable">F</span> -> ((/. <span class="variable">X</span> (<span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">X</span>))
(/. <span class="variable">X</span> (<span class="variable">F</span> (/. <span class="variable">Y</span> ((<span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">X</span>) <span class="variable">Y</span>))))))</code></pre>
<header class="small">Lazy Evalution</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">let</span> <span class="variable">F</span> (freeze (output <span class="literal">"Hello!"</span>))
(thaw <span class="variable">F</span>))
> "Hello!"</code></pre>
<header class="small">Optional Type Checking</header>
<pre><code>(tc +)
(<span class="keyword">define</span> map
{(<span class="variable">A</span> --> <span class="variable">B</span>) --> (list <span class="variable">A</span>) --> (list <span class="variable">B</span>)}
_ [] -> []
<span class="variable">F</span> [<span class="variable">X</span> | <span class="variable">Xs</span>] -> [(<span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">X</span>) | (map <span class="variable">F</span> <span class="variable">Xs</span>)])
(map (+ <span class="literal">1</span>) [<span class="literal">"a"</span> <span class="literal">"b"</span> <span class="literal">"c"</span>])
> type error</code></pre>
<header class="small">Configurable Type Rules</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">datatype</span> maybe-type
_____________________
none : (maybe <span class="variable">A</span>);
<span class="variable">X</span> : <span class="variable">A</span>;
_____________________
(some <span class="variable">X</span>) : (maybe <span class="variable">A</span>);
<span class="variable">M</span> : (maybe <span class="variable">A</span>);
_____________________
(unwrap <span class="variable">M</span>) : <span class="variable">A</span>;)</code></pre>
<header class="small">Integrated Logic Engine</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">defprolog</span> member
<span class="variable">X</span> [<span class="variable">X</span> | _] <-- ;
<span class="variable">X</span> [_ | <span class="variable">Y</span>] <-- (member <span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">Y</span>);)
(prolog?
(member <span class="variable">X</span> [<span class="literal">1</span> <span class="literal">2</span> <span class="literal">3</span>])
(member <span class="variable">X</span> [<span class="literal">3</span> <span class="literal">4</span> <span class="literal">5</span>])
(return <span class="variable">X</span>))
> 3</code></pre>
<header class="small">Built-in Compiler-Compiler</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">define</span> bit?
<span class="variable">B</span> -> (element? <span class="variable">B</span> [<span class="literal">0</span> <span class="literal">1</span>]))
(<span class="keyword">defcc</span> <b>
<span class="variable">B</span> <b> := [<span class="variable">B</span> | <b>] <span class="keyword">where</span> (bit? <span class="variable">B</span>);
<span class="variable">B</span> := [<span class="variable">B</span>] <span class="keyword">where</span> (bit? <span class="variable">B</span>);)</code></pre>
<header class="small">Unique Macros</header>
<pre><code>(<span class="keyword">defmacro</span> infix-macro
[<span class="variable">X</span> + <span class="variable">Y</span>] -> [+ <span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">Y</span>]
[<span class="variable">X</span> * <span class="variable">Y</span>] -> [* <span class="variable">X</span> <span class="variable">Y</span>])</code></pre>
</section>
<!--
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="demo" href="#demo">Demo</a></header>
<p>
An in-browser REPL is hosted <a href="http://gravicappa.github.io/shen-js/shen.html#/.doc/welcome.html">here</a> where you can try out Shen and take a brief tutorial.
</p>
</section>
-->
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="downloads" href="#downloads">Downloads</a></header>
<p>
There are implementations of Shen for most platforms. Some have fallen out of date and could use support to reach Certified status and stay current.
</p>
<p>
An implementation is considered Certified if it passes <a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-sources/tree/master/tests">the test suite</a> included with the <a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-sources/tree/master/sources">kernel sources</a>.
</p>
<p>
To port Shen to a new platform, <a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-sources/blob/master/doc/porting.md">see the porting guide</a>. You can <a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-language.github.io">submit a pull request</a> to get it added here.
</p>
<div id="downloads-table">
<!--
<noscript>The implementations table cannot be load without Javascript. To see the download table, enable Javascript.</noscript>
-->
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Platform</th>
<th>URL</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Active Ports</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Common Lisp</td>
<td><a href="https://shenlanguage.org/download.html">Common Lisp</a> (by Mark Tarver)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scheme</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/tizoc/shen-scheme">tizoc/shen-scheme</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-c">pyrex41/shen-c</a> (C17 + Boehm, AOT kernel, kernel 42.0) — fork of <a href="https://github.com/otabat/shen-c">otabat/shen-c</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Go</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-go">pyrex41/shen-go</a> (bytecode VM, kernel 42.0) — fork of <a href="https://github.com/tiancaiamao/shen-go">tiancaiamao/shen-go</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lua</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-lua">pyrex41/shen-lua</a> (LuaJIT, kernel 42.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rust</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-rust">pyrex41/shen-rust</a> (tree-walker + bytecode VM + AOT-compiled kernel, kernel 42.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Julia</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-julia">pyrex41/shen-julia</a> (native methods, kernel 42.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Swift</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-swift">pyrex41/shen-swift</a> (tree-walking interpreter, macOS/iOS, kernel 41.2; Shen 42 update pending)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Truffle</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/shen-truffle">pyrex41/shen-truffle</a> (GraalVM 25, kernel 42.0) — fork of <a href="https://github.com/ragnard/shen-truffle">ragnard/shen-truffle</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Inactive Ports</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Common Lisp</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-cl">Shen-Language/shen-cl</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/otabat/shen-c">otabat/shen-c</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLR</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/rkoeninger/ShenSharp">rkoeninger/ShenSharp</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Emacs Lisp</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/deech/shen-elisp">deech/shen-elisp</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Erlang</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/sborrazas/shen-erl">sborrazas/shen-erl</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Go</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/tiancaiamao/shen-go">tiancaiamao/shen-go</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Haskell</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/mthom/shentong">mthom/shentong</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Java</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/otabat/shen-jvm">otabat/shen-jvm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ruby</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/gregspurrier/shen-ruby">gregspurrier/shen-ruby</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Truffle</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/ragnard/shen-truffle">ragnard/shen-truffle</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wasp Lisp</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/doublec/shen-wasp">doublec/shen-wasp</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JavaScript</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/rkoeninger/ShenScript">rkoeninger/ShenScript</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JavaScript</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/gravicappa/shen-js">gravicappa/shen-js</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C++</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/wehu/ShenCPP">wehu/ShenCPP</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Clojure</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/hraberg/shen.clj">hraberg/shen.clj</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Java</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/hraberg/Shen.java">hraberg/Shen.java</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Python</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/gravicappa/shen-py">gravicappa/shen-py</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Python</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/yminer/pyshen">yminer/pyshen</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tooling" href="#tooling">Shen tooling</a></header>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/bifrost"><strong>Bifrost</strong></a> is an experimental cross-implementation test harness and command-line front door for Shen. It can run the same program or expression on a selected port, compare behavior across ports, and report conformance differences.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/pyrex41/yggdrasil"><strong>Yggdrasil</strong></a> is an experimental tree-shaker for Shen programs. It removes unreachable kernel code and builds standalone artifacts for supported hosts, including Common Lisp, LuaJIT, Go, JavaScript, Rust, C, Julia, Scheme, Swift, and GraalVM Truffle.
</p>
<p>
Both projects are under active development and need broader testing, especially on Windows. Please treat their current port matrix and standalone-artifact support as experimental and report portability issues in their repositories.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributing" href="#contributing">Contributing</a></header>
<p>
The Shen Open Source Kernel is authored in Shen itself and hosted <a href="https://github.com/Shen-Language/shen-sources">on GitHub</a>. Bug reports and suggested enhancements are welcome!
</p>
<!--
</section>
<section>
<header><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="community" href="#community">Community</a></header>
<p>
The following is a (non-exhaustive) list of developers who have contributed to the Shen Language Open Source Community. Thanks to everyone for contributing!
</p>
<div id="community-table"></div>
</section>
-->
</main>
</body>
</html>