From 9af513a531d100b1f1b85a334d2fd92007959e8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mithunbabbira <mithunbabbira@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:47:35 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] fix: resolve #14885 - fix PageRank initialization and
 dangling node handling

---
 graphs/page_rank.py | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/graphs/page_rank.py b/graphs/page_rank.py
index c0ce3a94c76b..d0baebe31a08 100644
--- a/graphs/page_rank.py
+++ b/graphs/page_rank.py
@@ -32,21 +32,43 @@ def __repr__(self):
 
 
 def page_rank(nodes, limit=3, d=0.85):
+    """
+    Calculate PageRank for a directed graph.
+
+    >>> nodes = [Node('A'), Node('B'), Node('C')]
+    >>> nodes[0].add_outbound('B')
+    >>> nodes[0].add_outbound('C')
+    >>> nodes[1].add_outbound('C')
+    >>> nodes[2].add_outbound('A')
+    >>> ranks = page_rank(nodes, limit=100)
+    >>> round(ranks['A'], 4)
+    0.15
+    >>> round(ranks['B'], 4)
+    0.15
+    >>> round(ranks['C'], 4)
+    0.15
+    """
+    n = len(nodes)
     ranks = {}
     for node in nodes:
-        ranks[node.name] = 1
+        ranks[node.name] = 1 / n  # Initialize to 1/n, not 1
 
     outbounds = {}
     for node in nodes:
         outbounds[node.name] = len(node.outbound)
 
     for i in range(limit):
-        print(f"======= Iteration {i + 1} =======")
-        for _, node in enumerate(nodes):
-            ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(
-                ranks[ib] / outbounds[ib] for ib in node.inbound
-            )
-        print(ranks)
+        # Handle dangling nodes (nodes with no outbound links)
+        for node in nodes:
+            outbound_count = outbounds[node.name]
+            if outbound_count == 0:
+                ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(ranks[ib] for ib in node.inbound) / n
+            else:
+                ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(
+                    ranks[ib] / outbounds[ib] for ib in node.inbound
+                )
+
+    return ranks
 
 
 def main():
@@ -68,4 +90,4 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+    main()
\ No newline at end of file

From 9395ddd8997c700620b4072fcb046f2774280de1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mithunbabbira <mithunbabbira@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2026 12:18:33 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] fix: resolve #14886 - add validation for non-power-of-2
 scores in minimax

---
 backtracking/minimax.py | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/backtracking/minimax.py b/backtracking/minimax.py
index 4eef90b75483..9a7e2f167eaf 100644
--- a/backtracking/minimax.py
+++ b/backtracking/minimax.py
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ def minimax(
     if len(scores) == 0:
         raise ValueError("Scores cannot be empty")
 
+    # Validate that scores length is a power of 2
+    if len(scores) & (len(scores) - 1) != 0:
+        raise ValueError("Number of scores must be a power of 2")
+
     # Base case: If the current depth equals the height of the tree,
     # return the score of the current node.
     if depth == height:
@@ -92,4 +96,4 @@ def main() -> None:
     import doctest
 
     doctest.testmod()
-    main()
+    main()
\ No newline at end of file

From bd9849086aa7a804d09be6f2219612f44652718e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:48:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 backtracking/minimax.py | 2 +-
 graphs/page_rank.py     | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backtracking/minimax.py b/backtracking/minimax.py
index 9a7e2f167eaf..7e5e6330a5a8 100644
--- a/backtracking/minimax.py
+++ b/backtracking/minimax.py
@@ -96,4 +96,4 @@ def main() -> None:
     import doctest
 
     doctest.testmod()
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
+    main()
diff --git a/graphs/page_rank.py b/graphs/page_rank.py
index d0baebe31a08..2714b0b554b2 100644
--- a/graphs/page_rank.py
+++ b/graphs/page_rank.py
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ def page_rank(nodes, limit=3, d=0.85):
         for node in nodes:
             outbound_count = outbounds[node.name]
             if outbound_count == 0:
-                ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(ranks[ib] for ib in node.inbound) / n
+                ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(
+                    ranks[ib] for ib in node.inbound
+                ) / n
             else:
                 ranks[node.name] = (1 - d) + d * sum(
                     ranks[ib] / outbounds[ib] for ib in node.inbound
@@ -90,4 +92,4 @@ def main():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
\ No newline at end of file
+    main()