Feat/inliner by SuperFola · Pull Request #705 · ArkScript-lang/Ark

SuperFola · 2026-07-19T11:04:45Z

Description

Add an IR inliner to the compiler pipeline.

Benchmarks needed.
Need to update documentation about the new debugger command, ~~and add a test for it.~~
~~IR inlining tests needed.~~
Need to update documentation about the compilation process, to reference the inliner.

Checklist

I have read the Contributor guide
My code follows the style guidelines of this project
I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
I have updated the documentation if needed (on https://github.com/ArkScript-lang/website, content/docs/)
I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
New and existing tests pass locally with my changes
I confirm that I am the author of this code and release it to the ArkScript project under the MPL-2.0 license. This contribution does not contain code from other sources, including code generated by a Large Language Model ("AI").

github-actions · 2026-07-19T11:07:09Z

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	457:2165	`Ark::VM::unsafeRun`	2	1437	283
src/arkscript/main.cpp	24:389	`main`	2	315	43
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	361:440	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileListInstruction`	3	64	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	212:322	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileExpression`	5	92	31
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	891:1039	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleFunctionCall`	3	116	31
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRInliner.cpp	267:339	`Ark::internal::IRInliner::extractPagesMetadata`	1	63	21
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2319:2413	`Ark::VM::backtrace`	3	81	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRInliner.cpp	137:198	`Ark::internal::IRInliner::isBuiltinProxy`	1	48	19
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	520:613	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileFunction`	3	67	19
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	837:889	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleOperator`	3	42	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	107:129	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::nodeProducesOutput`	1	18	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	635:683	`Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileLetMutSet`	4	40	17
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2177:2234	`Ark::VM::throwArityError`	4	47	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	22:259	`Ark::internal::IROptimizer::IROptimizer`	1	215	12

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	259:643	`Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate`	3	353	119
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	385:596	`Ark::BytecodeReader::display`	4	171	92
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	45:192	`Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext`	4	109	44
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	841:975	`Ark::internal::Parser::string`	1	131	42
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:276	`JsonCompiler::_compile`	1	214	38
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	163:268	`Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword`	3	85	35
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Slice.cpp	21:93	`Ark::internal::Builtins::slice`	1	63	34
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	179:285	`Ark::internal::Node::repr`	0	90	30
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	107:191	`Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode`	3	63	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	287:368	`Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint`	1	70	26
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	612:713	`Ark::BytecodeReader::printInstruction`	7	98	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	149:236	`Ark::types::generateError`	6	75	25
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	70:124	`Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get`	3	42	24
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	32:147	`Ark::types::displayContract`	6	102	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	289:417	`Ark::internal::Parser::import_`	1	98	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	57:161	`Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit`	2	83	23
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	`utf8::isValid`	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Value.cpp	81:149	`Ark::Value::toString`	2	54	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	35:85	`Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode`	1	42	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	87:144	`Ark::internal::Optimizer::pruneUnusedGlobalVariables`	1	50	18
src/arkreactor/Builtins/String.cpp	47:113	`fmt::formatter::parse`	1	59	18
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	212:274	`Formatter::format`	3	59	18
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	527:585	`Formatter::formatCall`	2	50	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:89	`Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro`	2	56	17
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	142:166	`Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )`	1	24	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	324:366	`Formatter::formatFunction`	2	36	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	99:156	`Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::unify`	5	50	15
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Time.cpp	72:92	`Ark::internal::Builtins::Time::makeTimestamp`	6	20	5
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	194:211	`Ark::Diagnostics::helper`	7	17	2

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	658	style	Consider using std::count_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/VM/Debugger.cpp	352	style	Parameter 'context' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	0	information	Too many #ifdef configurations - cppcheck only checks 12 of 13 configurations. Use --force to check all configurations.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	281	error	Iterators of different containers 'm_execution_contexts.emplace_back(std::make_unique())' and 'm_execution_contexts.front()' are used together.

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
include/Ark/VM/VM.inl	267	style	Variable 'maybe_value_ptr' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Bytecode.cpp	23	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Time.cpp	32	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	20	performance	Variable 'm_arg_kinds' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/LocalsLocator.cpp	26	style	The scope of the variable 'data' can be reduced.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	136	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/State.cpp	183	style	Variable 'bytecode_hash' is assigned a value that is never used.
src/arkreactor/VM/SharedLibrary.cpp	0	information	Too many #ifdef configurations - cppcheck only checks 12 of 13 configurations. Use --force to check all configurations.
include/Ark/VM/Value/Future.hpp	50	style	Unused private function: 'Future::deleteSelfViaVM'
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Future.cpp	23	performance	Variable 'm_value' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.

…owerer and the ir optimizer

… basic inlining heuristic

…ons for code comming from the debugger

…ents

…used by the IR inliner to materialise references

…determine if a node is unused or terminal

…the ir optimiser

codspeed-hq · 2026-07-19T11:10:32Z

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 2.27%

⚠️

Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

❌ 4 (👁 4) regressed benchmarks
✅ 14 untouched benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	`BASE`	`HEAD`	Efficiency
👁	`Welder - Big - 665 nodes[2]`	43.5 ms	44.5 ms	-2.32%
👁	`Welder - Simple - 39 nodes[0]`	1.1 ms	1.1 ms	-2.56%
👁	`Welder - Medium - 83 nodes[1]`	2.1 ms	2.1 ms	-2.56%
👁	`Welder - Bigger[3]`	70.3 ms	71.5 ms	-1.62%

_{Comparing feat/inliner (4274418) with dev (00cfbe9)}

…wise some compilers complain the expression is not a constant expression and performs head allocations

github-actions · 2026-07-19T11:20:06Z

Super Instructions report

Some Super Instructions are under the usage threshold (24).

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM_INDEX	23
INCREMENT	23
DECREMENT	21
STORE_FROM	15
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	9
NEQ_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	4
CHECK_TYPE_OF	4
SET_VAL_TAIL	4
STORE_HEAD	2
NEQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	2
SET_VAL_TAIL_BY_INDEX	1
SET_VAL_HEAD_BY_INDEX	1
MUL_SET_VAL	1
SET_VAL_HEAD	1
STORE_TAIL	1

Super Instructions over the threshold

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
LOAD_CONST_LOAD_CONST	5972
CALL_SYMBOL	5479
LOAD_CONST_STORE	3201
CALL_BUILTIN_WITHOUT_RETURN_ADDRESS	1582
CALL_BUILTIN	976
LOAD_CONST_SET_VAL	965
INCREMENT_STORE	623
AT_SYM_SYM	572
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL_INDEX	505
STORE_LIST	385
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL	349
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM	342
LT_LEN_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	331
CALL_SYMBOL_BY_INDEX	285
EQ_SYM_INDEX_JUMP_IF_TRUE	219
SET_VAL_FROM_INDEX	160
FUSED_MATH	143
SET_VAL_FROM	141
LT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	130
STORE_FROM_INDEX	127
DECREMENT_STORE	120
STORE_LEN	116
DECREMENT_BY_INDEX	116
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	112
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	96
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	84
AT_SYM_INDEX_SYM_INDEX	83
MUL_BY_INDEX	80
CALL_CURRENT_PAGE	75
EQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	53
AT_SYM_INDEX_CONST	51
MUL_BY	47
GT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	39
STORE_HEAD_BY_INDEX	36
STORE_TAIL_BY_INDEX	35
INCREMENT_BY_INDEX	33
CHECK_TYPE_OF_BY_INDEX	30

SuperFola · 2026-07-19T11:21:38Z

The welder performance regression here is not important ; that's because a new compilation pass was added.

github-actions · 2026-07-19T11:25:11Z

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 21 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 72 execs/sec
    Pending items : 0 faves, 1231 total
 Coverage reached : 8.37%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 46319 tuples (map size 277202, highest value 255, total values 476332336) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 46319 edges were achieved out of 277248 existing (16.71%) with 1237 input files.

…be outside the valid range of values for super instructions (12 bits)

coveralls · 2026-07-20T16:56:22Z

Coverage Report for CI Build 29847311836

Coverage increased (+0.005%) to 94.39%

Details

Coverage increased (+0.005%) from the base build.
Patch coverage: 23 uncovered changes across 5 files (440 of 463 lines covered, 95.03%).
4 coverage regressions across 1 file.

Uncovered Changes

File	Changed	Covered	%
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRCompiler.cpp	25	17	68.0%
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRInliner.cpp	229	221	96.51%
include/Ark/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/Entity.hpp	49	45	91.84%
src/arkreactor/VM/Debugger.cpp	48	46	95.83%
include/Ark/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.hpp	23	22	95.65%
Total (11 files)	463	440	95.03%

Coverage Regressions

4 previously-covered lines in 1 file lost coverage.

File	Lines Losing Coverage	Coverage
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	4	85.71%

Coverage Stats


Relevant Lines:	11336
Covered Lines:	10700
Line Coverage:	94.39%
Coverage Strength:	1164645.14 hits per line

💛 - Coveralls

…y once

…al IR

…Optimiser

SuperFola added 14 commits July 19, 2026 13:09

feat(compiler): ARK-325, track the origin of an ir block

390a194

feat(compiler): ARK-325, add an empty ir inliner in between the ast l…

2505670

…owerer and the ir optimizer

feat(compiler): ARK-325, add more metadata to IR blocks, and create a…

58848ef

… basic inlining heuristic

feat(inliner): ARK-325, add a very basic IR inliner

747badb

feat(debugger): add new 'scopes' command, and avoid tracing instructi…

04ec4ac

…ons for code comming from the debugger

feat(compiler): ARK-325, generate new labels when inlining code

f8147e3

feat(compiler): ARK-325, do not inline functions mutating their argum…

6a4361c

…ents

feat(compiler): ARK-325, inline builtin proxies

6d02797

feat(compiler, vm): ARK-325, instruction POP_SCOPE now takes a mode, …

520c128

…used by the IR inliner to materialise references

fix(ast lowerer): check for breakpoints at the end of begin nodes to …

ce97da8

…determine if a node is unused or terminal

feat(config): add a feature toggle for the ir inliner, distinct from …

6ecff4d

…the ir optimiser

chore: update tests

2349f2a

feat(tests): duplicate lang suite to run with and without the ir inliner

da394f8

feat(cli): new toggle -f(no-)irinliner

e789872

SuperFola force-pushed the feat/inliner branch from 5fedecd to e789872 Compare July 19, 2026 11:09

fix: add missing header in Entity.hpp

add7d89

fix: use a constexpr string_view instead of a constexpr string, other…

9739797

…wise some compilers complain the expression is not a constant expression and performs head allocations

SuperFola added 3 commits July 20, 2026 17:45

feat(compiler): ARK-325, inline only when argument count matches

bd1372a

chore: ARK-325, add tests for inlined IR

48b3a44

fix(compiler): do not try to optimise IR that uses labels that might …

6968e32

…be outside the valid range of values for super instructions (12 bits)

SuperFola added 4 commits July 20, 2026 22:34

feat(compiler): ARK-325, inline functions that have been declared onl…

2dbd416

…y once

feat(compiler): add the number of instructions in a page in the textu…

db68c2d

…al IR

fix(compiler): set the correct source location when inlining code

e9c2f6f

test: ARK-374, add empty escape sequence test

59bf16d

test: add a test for the new debugger command 'scopes'

a4440a1

SuperFola force-pushed the feat/inliner branch from d1df3d7 to 1a6b0dd Compare July 21, 2026 06:33

SuperFola added 2 commits July 21, 2026 17:59

test: add specific IR inlining test where inlining shouldn't happen

ffd6407

fix(compiler): keep provenance information of IR blocks inside the IR…

4274418

…Optimiser

SuperFola force-pushed the feat/inliner branch from 1a6b0dd to 4274418 Compare July 21, 2026 16:09

SuperFola marked this pull request as ready for review July 21, 2026 16:10

SuperFola merged commit 68b3ba7 into dev Jul 21, 2026
38 checks passed

SuperFola deleted the feat/inliner branch July 21, 2026 17:05

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Static analysis report

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CppCheck report

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Merging this PR will degrade performance by 2.27%

Performance Changes

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Coverage Report for CI Build 29847311836

Coverage increased (+0.005%) to 94.39%

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