Add benchmarking test framework and improve featurization performance

[d33bs]

Description

This PR adds a benchmarking test-based framework and improves feature extraction performance generally. I focused on making relatively boring or safe changes which don't interfere with the static output we already have achieved in this project. Below is a table of what we're seeing.

Synthetic data:

┌───────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│      feature      │  main   │ branch  │ speedup │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ neighbors         │ 0.162 s │ 0.009 s │ ~18×    │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ intensity         │ 0.337 s │ 0.071 s │ ~4.7×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ volume_size_shape │ 0.082 s │ 0.043 s │ ~1.9×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ texture           │ 0.802 s │ 0.555 s │ ~1.4×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ colocalization    │ 0.458 s │ 0.383 s │ ~1.2×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ granularity       │ 0.113 s │ 0.104 s │ ~1.08×  │
└───────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘

Real-world (small CP tutorial) data:

┌───────────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│      feature      │  main   │ branch  │ speedup │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ intensity         │ 0.579 s │ 0.087 s │ ~6.7×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ neighbors         │ 0.286 s │ 0.035 s │ ~8.2×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ texture           │ 0.551 s │ 0.288 s │ ~1.9×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ volume_size_shape │ 0.186 s │ 0.087 s │ ~2.2×   │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ colocalization    │ 0.457 s │ 0.315 s │ ~1.45×  │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ granularity       │ 1.756 s │ ~1.77 s │ —       │
├───────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤
│ TOTAL             │ 3.82 s  │ 2.57 s  │ ~1.48×  │
└───────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘

What kind of change(s) are included?

• Documentation (changes docs or other related content)
• Bug fix (fixes an issue).
• Enhancement (adds functionality).
• Breaking change (these changes would cause existing functionality to not work as expected).

Checklist

Please ensure that all boxes are checked before indicating that this pull request is ready for review.

• I have read and followed the CONTRIBUTING.md guidelines.
• I have searched for existing content to ensure this is not a duplicate.
• I have performed a self-review of these additions (including spelling, grammar, and related).
• These changes pass all pre-commit checks.
• I have added comments to my code to help provide understanding
• I have added a test which covers the code changes found within this PR
• I have deleted all non-relevant text in this pull request template.

---

📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://zedprofiler--48.org.readthedocs.build/en/48/

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Additional details and impacted files

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[MikeLippincott]

LGTM I left some minor concerns

[d33bs]

Thanks @MikeLippincott !