The goal of the task is to synchronize pressing the left mouse button with the intersection of the first edge of a rectangle (moving target) and a contact line (fixed target). The moving target moves horizontally on the computer screen, from left to right, initiating its movement between one and a half (1.5) and three seconds (s), pseudo-randomly, after changing from red to yellow. The target moves for 1400 milliseconds (ms) with occlusion in the final 784 ms of the movement, so that the initial speed was 28.3 degrees of visual angle per second (gva/s), with a deceleration of 5.7 gva/s². The deceleration and occlusion of the moving target are essential, so the ability to anticipate the position of the moving target requires practice and CR to acquire (Bastos et al., 2018). Specifically, arrival time estimates depend on the perceived speed of the moving target. Thus, when participants rely solely on intrinsic feedback information, without considering CR information, anticipatory responses are observed, as the deceleration of the moving target is not considered when making the estimate.

In order to assess the participants' perception of self-efficacy, the software applies a questionnaire designed to infer how the individual assesses their ability to successfully perform the task — based on Bandura (2006). In the questionnaire, participants answer how confident they are, on a scale of 0 ("not confident at all") to 10 ("extremely confident"), to achieve, on average, an error of less than 250 ms, 200 ms, 100 ms, 80 ms, 50 ms, 30 ms, and 10 ms for the next block of trials. These values ​​are based on the study by Drews et al. (2024). Participants’ responses are provided using the same mouse used to perform the task. The questionnaire is automatically applied by the software every 15 practice trials.

The script was developed to collect data from four experimental phases. In the Baseline phase, practice trials are performed without Knowledge of Results. In the Acquisition phase, Knowledge of Results regarding the error can be self-controlled (i.e., requested by the participant after each trial), fixed (i.e., with a pre-established frequency, controlled by an external file), or yoked (i.e., mirrored, participant by participant, simply by indicating the ID of the participant to be mirrored). In the Retention phase, practice trials are performed under conditions identical to the Baseline phase. In the Transfer phase, the condition is similar to Retention, but with an increased occlusion time of the moving target.

Use Timing_kr_estimate_popup if you'd like to manually insert the subjective error estimation of the participant through a popup that appears on a second screen.