Validate DorogayaSet input bounds

[krotname]

Motivation

• Prevent crashes and heap exhaustion when the CLI is fed malicious or malformed stdin by validating graph sizes and vertex IDs before allocating arrays or calling DSU operations.

Description

• Add bounded limits MAX_VERTICES and MAX_EDGES and helper methods isValidGraph and isValidVertex to centralize validation.
• Check graph validity at the start of solve(int, Edge[]) and validate n and m in run() before allocating Edge[], returning the existing failure result for invalid input.
• While reading edges, check each endpoint and avoid invoking solve when any endpoint is out of range to prevent ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or large allocations.
• Add two CLI regression test cases in AlgorithmCliTest covering a negative edge count and an out-of-range endpoint that both expect the existing failure message.

Testing

• Ran the full test suite with mvn test and the build succeeded with all tests passing (Tests run: 548, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0).
• The updated algorithms.AlgorithmCliTest and algorithms.EmbeddedAlgorithmSelfChecksTest were exercised as part of the run and passed.

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Codex Task

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 59.09091% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/java/algorithms/sprint6/DorogayaSet.java	59.09%	3 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️

📢 Thoughts on this report? Let us know!

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
69.2% Coverage on New Code (required ≥ 80%)

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

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Reviewed commit: d271178165

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[krotname]

Закрываю как superseded by #116: изменения перенесены в одну проверенную ветку, все review findings учтены; локальный mvn verify прошёл полностью.